此陵墓著名之处除了它的建筑外，还有那些雕塑。摩索拉斯陵墓的雕塑由四名著名的雕刻家Bryaxis， Leochares， Scopas，和 Timotheus制造，每人负责陵墓的其中一边。在15世纪初哈利卡纳素斯被侵占，新的统治者为了建一座巨大的城堡，因此在1494年将摩索拉斯陵墓的一些石头用作建筑材料。时至今日，有不少的雕塑仍然幸存，并存放在英国伦敦的博物馆内。自从19世纪开始，摩索拉斯陵墓一直有进行考古学的挖掘，这一些挖掘提供不少有关摩索拉斯陵墓的资料，令我们对摩索拉斯陵墓的形状和外观有更多的认识。 摩索拉斯王陵(The Mausoleum of Mausolus)坐落于小亚细亚西南部哈利卡纳素斯(今土耳其)，市中心的大广场。埋於陵墓内的人，是公元前四世纪中叶波斯帝国属地卡里亚的总督摩索拉斯(Mausolus)。 关於摩索拉斯王(King Mausolus)，人们对他的了解，仅止於他精力充沛，喜好战争，曾经征服罗德斯岛，短短时间就成为邦国的领主。
外形
陵墓共分四层，基坛为六阶，以希腊运来的白色大理石建造，底部为长方形，面积是40米（120呎）乘30米，高45米，其中建筑物被高20米墩座墙围 住，四周的放著骑在背上的战士雕像，墩座上方，排列著36根高12米以爱奥尼 式建造的金白色大理石圆柱，在圆柱与圆柱间，以男神和女神的立像装饰，圆柱的上方，放著台轮；上方是极其倾斜高7米的金字塔，塔顶以镀金的青铜驷马二轮战 车装饰；而墓内矗立著毛索罗斯王和阿尔特米亚女王的大理石雕像。 据说所有雕塑均由四名著名的雕刻家伯亚克西斯(Bryaxis)、李奥查理斯(Leochares)、史卡帕斯(Scopas)和提莫西亚斯(Timotheus)分别负责陵墓的一边。古代作家常说摩索拉斯王陵，像银白云团高悬城市上空。 摩索拉斯王陵与阿尔特米斯月神庙不同，虽然建造历造高达一千五百年以上，仍旧傲然矗立在世。直至15世纪初，十字军认为哈利卡纳素斯是一个重要战略位置，决定建造巨大的圣彼德要塞，而建造要塞的材料就是陵墓的的石材；他们将所有陵墓内外装饰嵌入要塞的城墙内，令整个陵墓几乎不留痕迹。 1859年，英国考古学家查理士．牛顿爵士对著名的毛索罗斯王陵墓展开发掘，并将幸存的石狮雕像、圆柱及人像的碎片存放在英国伦敦的大英博物馆特别室内。 繁荣的哈利卡纳素斯城，现在不过是一个寂寞的小渔村而已，人们已经不能指出那座美丽摩索拉斯王陵的所在地，甚至没有人知道曾经有这么一座宏伟的建筑物矗立於此。虽然市内中央广场的遗迹依然存在，却没有任何痕迹确认此地曾有陵墓，有的只是四处杂生的野草罢了！ 这座陵墓是非常有名的古建筑，人们都竞相模仿；但仿造者却无法告诉你当初陵墓为何有名？ 按照希腊标准，陵墓并非大建筑，甚至也不是特别精美，甚至在希腊审美观下，是一座相当丑陋的建筑物。但为何成为奇观？ 答案必须在希腊古文记载中寻找，记得摩索拉斯那段铭文吗？‘我是摩索拉斯．卡里亚王，我躺在博德鲁姆坟冢下，装饰著独一无二的人与马大理石雕像。’ 其闻名之处是它的雕刻；存放在大英博物馆的摩索拉斯王陵遗迹中，有世界上古老希腊像的雕刻碎片，是栩栩如生的真实人像，既高贵壮实、又伟大；这是第一次活 生生的男女雕像，而不是天神站在闪闪发光的大理石柱上；彷佛建造者在告诉访客，这些人就是你。这就是陵墓成为奇观的原因，让神奇都会市民昂首阔步而行。而 ‘Mausoleum’一词更被现代人解作陵墓之意。历史
在公元前4世纪，在今天的安纳托利亚高原西 南部有一个卡里亚帝国，在摩索拉斯国王统治下，卡里亚盛极一时，罗德斯港就曾是卡里亚帝国的一部分。摩索拉斯还在世的时候，就开始为他和他的王后——阿尔 特米西娅二世(同时也是他的妹妹)修建陵墓了。如今，强大的卡里亚帝国已不复存在，只有王陵的遗迹向世人讲述着帝国的传说。规模浩大的陵墓于公元前353 年建造完成。根据拉丁史学家大 普林尼描述，这座建筑由三部分组成：地基是高19米，长39米，宽33米的平台；地基上是由36根柱子组成的爱奥尼亚式连拱廊，高11米；拱廊上是金字塔 形屋顶，由24级台阶构成，象征着摩索拉斯的执政年限。陵墓顶端是摩索拉斯和王后驾驶四马战车的雕像。整座建筑高达45米！ 除了宏伟的建筑外，摩索拉斯 陵墓地基四周还有精美的雕塑。据记载，在其中的三处浮雕中，第一处表现的是马车，第二处是希腊人和亚马逊人作战的场景，第三处是拉皮提人和半人马怪兽之间的战斗。今天，在伦敦大英博物馆里，还保存着第二处雕像的残片。公元12世纪，一场地震使陵墓受到重创。1402年，汪达尔骑士团攻占哈利卡纳苏斯，并在那里建起了圣·彼得要塞。16世纪初，为加固要塞，骑士们把这座陵墓当成了采石场，摩索拉斯陵墓就这样渐渐被拆毁了。Mausolus Mausoleum is located in prime Cana Harry Adams, in Turkey (Turkey) to the southwest, the bottom of the rectangular building area is 40 square meters (120 by 30 meters 100, 45 meters high) 140, where high walls podium 20 m, column 12 meters high, 7 meters high pyramid, the top of the carriage 6 meters high statue podium building is surrounded by the wall, next to the statue decorated the top of the statue of four horses pulling an ancient Dual-combat vehicles.The tomb of the Department in addition to its well-known outside the building, there are those sculptures. Mausolus's tomb sculpture by four well-known sculptor Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas, and Timotheus manufacturing, each responsible for one side of the tombs.
[Mausolus Mausoleum]
Mausolus MausoleumIn the early 15th century, the occupation of Sri Lanka Harry Fabio factors, the new rulers in order to build a huge castle, so in 1494 the tomb of Mausolus some of the stones used as building materials. Today, many of the sculptures still survive, and kept in the British Museum in London. Since the 19th century, Mausolus Mausoleum has been conducting archaeological excavation, which provides a number of mining a lot of information about Mausolus's tomb, so we Mausolus's tomb shape and appearance have more understanding . Mausolus Tomb (The Mausoleum of Mausolus) located in southwestern Asia Minor Fabio Su Harry Adams (now Turkey), the center of a large square. Buried in the tomb, who are the mid-fourth century BC, the Persian Empire territories Carriacou Governor Mausolus (Mausolus). About Mausolus king (King Mausolus), people know about him, only limited to his energetic, like war, had conquered Rhodes, a short time to become Bangguo of the Lord.ShapeTomb is divided into four, based forum for the six bands, with the arrival of white Greek marble, the bottom of the rectangular area is 40 meters (120 feet) by 30 meters, 45 meters high, which is building 20 meters high podium surrounded by the wall, placed around the statue of the soldiers riding in the back, above the podium, lined with 36 and 12 meters high with Ionic-style white marble columns built of gold, between the cylinder and the cylinder, to god and goddess The statue decoration, the top of the cylinder, placed Taiwan wheel; the top is extremely tilted 7 meters high pyramid tower with gilded bronze chariot of four horses two decorative; and the tomb stands the hair Soros Mia Wang and Duarte Queen of the marble statue. Said that all four sculptures by the famous sculptor Boya Alexis (Bryaxis), Leo Charles (Leochares), Shikapasi (Scopas) and Timo Iglesias (Timotheus) are responsible for grave side. Ancient writers often say that Mausolus Tomb, like white clouds hanging over the city. Mausolus Tomb and Temple of Al-Te Misi different months, although the construction calendar made up more than fifteen hundred years, still stands proudly alive. Until the early 15th century, the Crusaders Fabio factors that Harry is an important strategic position of Sri Lanka, St. Peter decided to build a huge fortress, the fortress built of stone material is the tomb; they will embed all the tombs decorated inside and outside the fortress walls within the whole tomb almost without trace. In 1859, British archaeologist Charles. Sir Isaac Newton, the famous Soros Wang hair out excavations at the tomb, and the surviving lions statues, columns and portraits of debris deposited in the British Museum in London, England especially indoors. Harry Adams Fabio Su prosperous city, but now is just a lonely little fishing village, people are not that tall tomb of the United States 丽摩索拉斯 location, did not even know there was such a magnificent building stands in the this. Although the city still remains the central square, but here there have been no confirmed trace of the tomb, there are only four mixed in the weeds too! This tomb is a very famous ancient buildings, people are trying to copy; but imitators can not tell you why the original tomb of the famous? According to Greek standards, the tomb is not a large building, or even particularly beautiful, even in Greece, under aesthetics, is a very ugly building. Why become a spectacle? The answer must be recorded in classical Greece to find, remember Mausolus period inscriptions it? 'I was Mausolus. Carriacou king, I lay under the Bodrum graves, decorated with unique marble statue of man and horse. 'The place is famous for its sculpture; stored in the British Museum, Tomb of Mausolus in ruins, the world's ancient Greek sculpture as the debris, is the true life portrait, both noble and sturdy, and great; This is the first a statue of living men and women, rather than gods shining marble pillars stand; if the builder to tell visitors, these people are you. This is the tomb of a spectacle of reasons, so that the public swagger and the line will be amazing. The 'Mausoleum' word has even been interpreted to mean the mausoleum of modern Italy.HistoryIn the 4th century BC, in today's southwestern Anatolian plateau has a Carian Empire in the reign of King Mausolus, the Carian was very popular, Rhodes Hong Kong, had been Carriacou part of the empire. Mausolus still alive, began for him and his queen - Al Khatami Thea II (also his sister) to build a tomb. Today, powerful Carriacou empire no longer exists, only the tomb of relics to the world about the legend of the empire. Vast scale of the tomb was built in 353 BC to complete. According to a large Latin historian Pliny described the building consists of three parts: the foundation is 19 meters high, 39 meters long, 33 meters wide platform; foundation is formed by the 36 Ionic columns arch Gallery, 11 meters high; Arcade is pyramid-shaped roof, constituted by the 24 steps, a symbol of Mausolus's governing life. The top of the mausoleum Mausolus and Queen driving four-horse chariot of the statue. The whole building up to 45 meters! In addition to the magnificent building, the tomb of Mausolus foundation four weeks have beautiful sculptures. According to records, in which the three relief, the first at the performance of the carriage, and the second is that the Greeks and the Amazonian people fight scenes, and the third is that La Piti and the battle between the monster Centaur . Today, the British Museum in London, is still preserved in the second place the statue fragments. The 12th century, the tomb has been hit hard by an earthquake. In 1402, the Knights of the Vandals captured 哈利卡纳苏 Sri Lanka, where he built a fortress of St. Peter. Early 16th century, as reinforcement of the fortress, the knights tomb as a quarry, Mausolus Mausoleum so gradually demolished.
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